Venezuelan Diaspora to Brazil: YouTube as an enabling tool for the migrant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21527/2237-6453.2023.59.12519Keywords:
Venezuela, Migrations, Network Capital, YouTubeAbstract
The current Venezuelan diaspora is an example of the migratory crisis in the world. Approximately 5 million Venezuelans have already left the country fleeing a serious humanitarian crisis. Among the chosen destinations is Brazil, which presents a problematic welcoming context, with socioeconomic problems and cultural and language differences. This paper seeks to understand which mechanisms make Venezuelan migration to Brazil possible, despite the barriers encountered. To this end, it makes use of the notion of network capital as a logic of critical explanation of the migratory phenomena in question, based on the knowledge produced by Venezuelan migrants on YouTube. A tool that is capable of helping to mitigate the migration process of other Venezuelans based on the content produced by YouTubers.
References
ACNUR. Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados. Perfil Socioeconômico dos Refugiados no Brasil. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.acnur.org/portugues/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Resumo-Executivo-Versa%CC%83o-Online.pdf. Acesso em: 3 ago. 2019.
BORON, A. Orígenes, magnitud y condicionantes de la situación actual de Venezuela. In: CHAVEZ, D. et al. Venezuela: Lecturas urgentes desde el sur. Buenos Aires: Clacso, 2017.
BRICEÑO-LEÓN, R. A violência na Venezuela: renda petroleira e crise política. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v. 11, n. suppl, p. 1.223-1.233, 2006.
CHAVEZ, D. et al. Venezuela: lecturas urgentes desde el sur. Buenos Aires: Clacso, 2017.
CORAZZA, F.; MESQUITA, L. Crise na Venezuela: o que levou o país vizinho ao colapso econômico e à maior crise de sua história. BBC News, 30 abr. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-45909515. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2019.
CRESSWELL, T. Towards a politics of mobility. Environment and planning: society and space, Santa Bárbara, CA, v. 28, n. 1, p. 17-31, 2010.
ELLIOTT, A.; URRY, J. Mobile lives. Londres: Routledge, 2010.
EXÉRCITO DO BRASIL. Operação Acolhida: núcleo familiar é preservado nos abrigos para imigrantes em Boa Vista. Exército do Brasil, abr. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.eb.mil.br/web/noticias/noticiario-do-exercito/-/asset_publisher/MjaG93KcunQI/content/operacao-acolhida-nucleo-familiar-e-preservado-nos-abrigos-para-imigrantes-em-boa-vista-e-pacaraima. Acesso em: 4 ago. 2019.
FONTAINE, G.; CAVIEDES, C. M. How resource nationalism hinders development: the institutional roots of the economic recession in Venezuela. Revista do Serviço Público, Brasília, v. 67, n. 4, 2016.
FRALINGER, B.; OWENS, R. You Tube as a learning tool. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), Littleton, CO, v. 6, n. 8, 2009.
FREIRE-MEDEIROS, B.; TELLES, V. S.; ALLIS, T. Apresentação: por uma teoria social on the move. Tempo Social, São Paulo, v. 30, n. 2, p. 1-16, 2018.
HANNAM, K.; SHELLER, M.; URRY, J. Editorial: Mobilities, immobilities and moorings. Mobilities, Lancaster, v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-22, 2006.
HIDALGO-MARÍ, T.; SEGARRA-SAAVEDRA, J. El fenómeno youtuber y su expansión transmedia. Análisis del empoderamiento juvenil en redes sociales. Fonseca, Journal of Communication, Salamanca, v. 15, p. 43-56, 2017.
HOGAN, A. Boundary spanners, network capital and the rise of edu-businesses: The case of News Corporation and its emerging education agenda. Critical Studies in Education, Londres, v. 56, n. 3, p. 301-314, 2014.
JENSEN, A. Mobility, space and power: On the multiplicities of seeing mobility. Mobilities, Lancaster, v. 6, n. 2, p. 255-271, 2011.
JEREZ, F. A. La movilidad socio-espacial desde la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu: capital de motilidad, campo de movilidad y habitus ambulante. Sociedad y Economía, Cali, n. 31, p. 15-32, 2016.
JOHN, M. Venezuelan economic crisis: crossing Latin American and Caribbean borders. Migration and Development, Oxford, v. 8, n. 3, p. 437-447, 2019.
KAUFMANN, V. Mobility as a Tool for Sociology. Sociologica, Bologna, v. 8, n. 1, 2014.
KAUFMANN, V.; BERGMAN, M. M.; JOYE, D. Motility: mobility as capital. International journal of urban and regional research, New York, v. 28, n. 4, p. 745-756, 2004.
LOIZOS, P. Vídeo, filme e fotografias como documentos de pesquisa. In: BAUER, Martin W.; GASKELL, George (ed.). Pesquisa qualitativa com texto, imagem e som: um manual prático. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2002. p. 137-155.
MANTOVANI, E. T. El fantasma de la Gran Venezuela: un estudio del mito del desarrollo y los dilemas del petro – Estado en la Revolución Bolivariana. Caracas: Celarg, 2014.
MANTOVANI, E. T. Las nuevas fronteras de las commodities en Venezuela: extractivismo, crisis histórica y disputas territoriales. Ciencia Política, Bogotá, v. 11, n. 21, p. 251-285, 2016.
MARTIN, F. Rethinking network capital: hospitality work and parallel trading among Chinese students in Melbourne. Mobilities, Lancaster, v. 12, n. 6, p. 890-907, 2017.
MELLO, S. C. B.; BASTOS, A. F. S.; MELLO, G. B. [Im]Mobility and Trucking Disruption: what happened to isolated cities and individuals in Brazil after a supply blockage. Applied Mobilities, Londres, v. 7, n. 2, 2022.
OIM. Organização Internacional Para as Migrações. Informe de Interiorização Janeiro 2021. Disponível em: https://r4v.info/es/situations/platform/location/7509. Acesso em: 20 mar. 2021.
PARDO, D. Como era a “Venezuela saudita”, um dos países mais ricos dos anos 50 e 80. BBC News Mundo, 2 mar. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-4742373. Acesso em: 23 abr. 2020.
POLÍCIA FEDERAL. Migração. Polícia Federal do Brasil. Out. 2019. Disponível em: http://www.pf.gov.br/servicos-pf/imigracao/Apresentao_setembro_2019_VF.pdf/view. Acesso em: 20 out. 2019.
R4V. Plataforma Regional de Coordenação Interinstitucional para Refugiados e Migrantes da Venezuela. Refugiados y migrantes de Venezuela. Acnur – Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados. 2022. Disponível em: https://r4v.info/es/situations/platform. Acesso em: 8 jan. 2022.
RETTIE, R. Mobile phones as network capital: facilitating connections. Mobilities, Lancaster, v. 3, n. 2, p. 291-311, 2008.
ROSALES, A. Radical rentierism: gold mining, cryptocurrency and commodity collateralization in Venezuela. Review of International Political Economy, Londres, v. 26, n. 6, p. 1.311-1.332, 2019.
SANTOS, B. S. Um mundo sem Fronteiras? Outras Palavras, 9 maio 2019. Disponível em: https://outraspalavras.net/geopoliticaeguerra/boaventura-um-mundo-sem-fronteiras/. Acesso em: 22 out. 2020.
SHELLER, M.; URRY, J. The new mobilities paradigm for a live sociology. Current Sociology, Londres, v. 62, n. 6, p. 789-811, 2014.
SHELLER, M.; URRY, J. The new mobilities paradigm. Environment and Planning, Londres, v. 38, p. 207-226, 2006.
SIMÕES, Gustavo Frota et al. Perfil sociodemográfico e laboral da imigração venezuelana no Brasil. Curitiba: CRV, 2017.
UNHCR. Global Trends in Forced Displacement – 2021. 16 jun. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/60b638e37/global-trends-forced-displacement-2020.html/. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2022.
URRY, J. Mobilities. Londres: Polity, 2007.
URRY, J. Social networks, mobile lives and social inequalities. Journal of Transport Geography, Londres, v. 21, p. 24-30, 2012.
WELLMAN, B. et al. Network capital in a multi-level world: Getting support from personal communities.
Social Capital: Theory and Research, New York, v. 1, n. 10, p. 233-273, 2001.
WONG, S.; SALAFF, J. W. Network capital: emigration from Hong Kong. British Journal of Sociology, Londres, v. 49, n. 3, p. 358-374, 1998.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Desenvolvimento em Questão
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By publishing in Revista Desenvolvimento em Questão, authors agree to the following terms:
All works are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows:
Sharing — to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
Adaptation — to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
These permissions are irrevocable, provided that the following terms are respected:
Attribution — authors must be properly credited, a link to the license must be provided, and any changes made must be indicated.
No additional restrictions — no legal or technological measures may be applied that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
The license does not apply to elements that are in the public domain or covered by legal exceptions.
The license does not grant all necessary rights for specific uses (e.g., image rights, privacy, or moral rights).
The journal is not responsible for the opinions expressed in the articles, which are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editor, with the support of the Editorial Board, reserves the right to suggest or request modifications when necessary.
Only original scientific articles presenting research results of interest that have not been previously published or simultaneously submitted to another journal with the same purpose will be accepted.
Mentions of trademarks or specific products are intended solely for identification purposes and do not imply any promotional relationship by the authors or the journal.
License Agreement (for articles published from 2025 onward): Authors retain the copyright to their article and grant Revista Desenvolvimento em Questão the right of first publication.
