Deficiências de vitamina A e D no prognóstico de infecções respiratórias: Uma revisão sistemática com perspectivas para a Covid-19 e uma análise crítica sobre a suplementação

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2022.46.11026

Palavras-chave:

Nutritional Deficiency”, “Vitamin A”, “Vitamin D'', ''influenza'', ''coronavirus''

Resumo

Considerando a rápida disseminação da Covid-19, a comunidade científica tem buscado formas de reconhecer fatores que possam interferir no desfecho da infecção viral. Apesar da escassez de estudos com o novo coronavírus, sabe-se que níveis séricos adequados de micronutrientes são essenciais para a resposta orgânica às doenças infecciosas. Assim, objetivamos revisar os efeitos da vitamina A, D, deficiência de ferro, zinco ou folato no prognóstico de pacientes com infecções respiratórias com manifestações semelhantes à Covid-19 e discutir sobre a suplementação dos nutrientes analisados nesta revisão. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, e SciELO, incluindo estudos observacionais publicados entre 2010-2020, com resultados para indivíduos com infecções do trato respiratório com manifestações semelhantes à Covid-19. Seis artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, todos relacionados a deficiências das vitaminas A e D. Em geral, a deficiência de vitamina A esteve associada a tosse, febre e maior resistência respiratória total. A respeito de vitamina D, a carência desse nutriente levou a maiores taxas de internação em UTI, necessidade de ventilação mecânica e mortalidade. Evidência vincular relações específicas entre deficiências nutricionais e Covid-19 permanecem inexistentes devido ao pequeno número de estudos e heterogeneidades em subgrupos populacionais. Em conclusão, as deficiências de vitaminas A e D parecem afetar negativamente o prognóstico de infecções do trato respiratório. Suplementação desses nutrientes para prevenção ou tratamento de pacientes diagnosticados com Covid-19 deve respeitar os níveis séricos, o estado nutricional e as condições de moradia (por exemplo, localização endêmica) dos indivíduos.

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Publicado

2022-11-16

Como Citar

Santos, T. M., Andrade, M. I. S., de Macêdo, P. F. C., Oliveira, T. P., Lima, N. S., & Ribeiro, I. C. (2022). Deficiências de vitamina A e D no prognóstico de infecções respiratórias: Uma revisão sistemática com perspectivas para a Covid-19 e uma análise crítica sobre a suplementação. Revista Contexto &Amp; Saúde, 22(46), e11026. https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2022.46.11026

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