PARALELO ENTRE A TEORIA DA JUSTIÇA COMO EQUIDADE DE JOHN RAWLS E A IGUALDADE DE CAPACIDADES DE AMARTYA SEN

PARALLEL BETWEEN JOHN RAWLS’ JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS AND AMARTYA SEN’S CAPACITY EQUALITY

Abstract

John Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness represents a mark in the philosophical and political debate about the distribution of justice. In an approach that connects with the theory of justice as fairness, Amartya Sen argues that individual and collective freedoms must be prioritized over economic development. This research aims to approach the parallel existing between the theory of justice by John Rawls and Amartya Sen, based on the criticisms made by Sen about the theory formulated by Rawls. The problem inherent in this research is thus concentrated in the following terms: what are the similarities and contrasts between John Rawls' theory of justice as fairness and Amartya Sen’s justice focused on achievements? To develop the qualitative research, the deductive method is used, with an analysis of concepts and premises of the scientific literature on researched themes, through theoretical research guided by the reading of books and articles published in scientific journals. The hypothesis associated with the formulated questioning indicates that, for Sen, while a theory of justice with a transcendental approach, such as Rawls', intends to understand what it would be like perfectly just institutions, his comparison approach focused on achievements aims to find answers to the question of how justice can be promoted.