Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes and The Impact of Exercise: from mitochondria to glucose management in skeletal muscle

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2022.45.11425

Keywords:

exercise, diabetes, oxidative stress, mitochondria, insulin resistance

Abstract

Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and/or a decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress can be marked by deleterious effects on DNA, proteins, and lipids structure, changing cell homeostasis, and contributing to the development of metabolic diseases as type two diabetes (T2D), characterized mainly by insulin resistance in several tissues, as skeletal muscle.  The T2D development and its complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as pro-inflammatory state and metabolic unbalance. Acute exercise represents a necessary type of challenge to whole-body homeostasis. Therefore, regular exercise (sum of acute exercise challenges) promotes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic adaptations induced by each stress induced by the exercise session, evoking a hormesis effect (from mitochondria to many tissues) that is beneficial for T2D prevention and treatment. Despite of a considerable research information in the field, the characterization of the sources and pathways of ROS generation in T2D and during exercise still a matter for investigation. Therefore, the multifaceted effects of oxidative stress in T2D and the link of exercise in T2D are discussed in this review.

Author Biographies

Julia Matzembacher dos Santos, Fairmont State University

Assistant Professor

Exercise Science

School of Education Health and Human Performance

Fairmont State University

Thiago Gomes Heck, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - UNIJUÍ

 

Graduação Educação Física - (UFRGS)

Mestrado em Ciências Médicas - Farmacologia - (UFCSPA)

Doutorado em Ciências do Movimento Humano (UFRGS)

Coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde (Stricto Sensu) (PPG em associação UNICRUZ/UNIJUI) (2016-2020).

Líder do Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia (GPeF) da UNIJUÍ. (www.gpef-unijui.com).

Investiga os processos químicos e biológicos no processo saúde-doença no intuito de subsidiar e qualificar a atenção à saúde. As atividades de pesquisa concentram-se no estudo de biomarcadores, com foco na investigação no papel das proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs, heat shock proteins) em condições de saúde e doença e sua relação com o estado redox (estresse oxidativo), status inflamatório e quadro metabólico do organismo. Investiga o uso das HSPs como biomarcador da severidade de processos fisiológicos e fisiopatológicos como o exercício físico, a exposição à poluição atmosférica e diabetes tipo dois.

 

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Published

2022-05-17

How to Cite

Santos, J. M. dos, & Heck, T. G. (2022). Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes and The Impact of Exercise: from mitochondria to glucose management in skeletal muscle. Revista Contexto & Saúde, 22(45), e11425. https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2022.45.11425

Issue

Vol. 22 No. 45 (2022): 2022

Section

Artigos

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