Plasma atherogenic index and triglyceride-glucose index for identifying the cardiovascular risk in women with normal biochemical and anthropometric parameters

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2024.48.13579

Keywords:

Cardiovascular Diseases, Atherosclerosis, Insulin resistance, female, biomarkers

Abstract

Women have a specific hormonal risk associated with contraception, pregnancy and menopause, in addition to more risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); and rapid, non-invasive, low-cost cardiovascular risk prediction tools can streamline the identification and prevention of CVD. Objective of the study to evaluate the risk of developing CVD in adult women using cardiometabolic indices such as plasma atherogenic index (AIP) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for insulin resistance. This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Data on the metabolic, clinical and anthropometric profile of adult women were analyzed and used for risk stratification of developing CVD through the use of TyG and AIP indices. Of the participating women (n = 60, 28.55 ± 8.30 years), 50% women had an increased risk according to AIP despite having normolipidemia, normoglycemia, and normal BMI. Also, they had higher TyG index values. Further, the correlations of TyG and AIP with biometric and lipid parameters were associated with metabolic syndrome. AIP and TyG index can identify the risk of developing CVD, even in the presence of normal anthropometric and biochemical parameters.

References

Madika AL, Mounier-Vehier C. Gender inequalities for cardiovascular diseases. Rev Prat. 2019;69(4):373-376.

Feitosa-Filho GS, Peixoto JM, Pinheiro JES, Afiune Neto A, Albuquerque ALTd, Cattani ÁC, et al. Updated Geriatric Cardiology Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;112(5):649-705. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190086

Gigante DP, França GVAd, Sardinha LMV, Iser BPM, Meléndez GV. Temporal variation in the prevalence of weight and obesity excess in adults: Brazil, 2006 to 2009. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011;14:157-165. DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2011000500016

Assis LSd, Stipp MAC, Leite JL, Cunha NMd. A atenção da enfermeira à saúde cardiovascular de mulheres hipertensas. Esc Anna Nery. 2009;13(2):265-270. DOI: 10.1590/S1414-81452009000200005

Stone NJ, Smith SC Jr, Orringer CE, Rigotti NA, Navar AM, Khan SS, et al. Managing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(8):819-836. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.016

Fernández-Macías JC, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado In: Atherogenic Index of Plasma: Novel Predictive Biomarker for Cardiovascular Illnesses. Arch Med Res. 2019;50(5):285-294. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.009

Guerrero-Romero F, Villalobos-Molina R, Jimenez-Flores JR, Simental-Mendia LE, Mendez-Cruz R, Murguia-Romero M, et al. Fasting Triglycerides and Glucose Index as a Diagnostic Test for Insulin Resistance in Young Adults. Arch Med Res. 2016;47(5):382-387. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.08.012

Freitas RS, Fonseca MdJMd, Schmidt MI, Molina MdCB, Almeida MdCCd. Fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: fatores associados e comparação com outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular e metabólico no ELSA-Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2018;34(4):e00067617. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00067617

Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, Breslow JL, Buring JE. Fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1997;96(8):2.520-2.525. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.96.8.2520

NCEP. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Jama. 2001;285(19):2.486-2.497. DOI: 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486

Précoma DB, Oliveira GMMd, Simão AF, Dutra OP, Coelho OR, Izar MCdO, et al. Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology – 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;113(4):787-891. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190204

WHO. Obesity and overweight. June 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.

ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):19-40. DOI: 10.2337/dc23-S002

Précoma DB, Oliveira GMM, Simão AF, Dutra OP, Coelho OR, Izar MCO, et al. Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;113(4):787-891. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190204

Santos ACNd, Petto J, Diogo DP, Seixas CR, Souza LHd, Araújo WS, et al. Elevation of Oxidized Lipoprotein of Low Density in Users of Combined Oral Contraceptives. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;111:764-770. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180194

Nwagha UI, Ikekpeazu EJ, Ejezie FE, Neboh EE, Maduka IC. Atherogenic index of plasma as useful predictor of cardiovascular risk among postmenopausal women in Enugu, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2010;10(3):248-252.

Wu T-T, Gao Y, Zheng Y-Y, Ma Y-T, Xie X. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP): a novel predictive indicator for the coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Lipids Health Dis. 2018;17(1):197. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0828-z

Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018; 17(1):122. DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4.

Brahimaj A, Rivadeneira F, Muka T, Sijbrands EJG, Franco OH, Dehghan A, et al. Novel metabolic indices and incident type 2 diabetes among women and men: the Rotterdam Study. Diabetologia. 2019;62(9):1.581-1.590. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4921-2

Lima GES, Silva BYdC. Ferramentas de triagem nutricional: um estudo comparativo. Sociedade Brasileira de Nutrição Parenteral e Enteral (Braspen). 2017;32(1):20-24.

Jardim PCBV. Overweight, the Cardiovascular Risk of the Century. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019;113(2):185-187. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190171

McCracken E, Monaghan M, Sreenivasan S. Pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2018;36(1):14-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.09.004

Ramires EKNM, Menezes RCEd, Longo-Silva G, Santos TGd, Marinho PdM, Silveira JACd. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Brazilian Adult Population: National Health Survey – 2013. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;110(5):455-466. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180072

Cole TJ, Lobstein T. Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2012;7(4):284-294. DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00064.x

Downloads

Published

2024-02-21

How to Cite

Pinheiro, T. D. D. P. ., da Silva, B., Mayer, M. S., Salazar, R. F. dos S., Parisi , M. M., & Azzolin, G. B. (2024). Plasma atherogenic index and triglyceride-glucose index for identifying the cardiovascular risk in women with normal biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Revista Contexto &Amp; Saúde, 24(48), e13579. https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2024.48.13579

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE