Risk factors associated with cardiorespiratory arrest in an emergency room
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2026.51.15273Keywords:
Emergency Medical Services, Heart Arrest, Public HospitalsAbstract
The objective of the study was to analyze the incidence and factors associated with victims of cardiopulmonary arrest. This is an exploratory, descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective, and quantitative study conducted by analyzing medical records and notification forms of patients admitted to the Adult Emergency Room of a public hospital in the interior of Minas Gerais, between January 2018 and December 2022, who presented with cardiopulmonary arrest. A data collection instrument was used that was designed and validated for content. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and the Logistic Regression Model were adopted for data analysis. Of the 224 patients, the majority were women (52.2%), elderly (71.6%), and married (44.6%). They had comorbidities (87.5%), especially systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Regarding the outcome, there is a prevalence of 85.3% of cases for deaths in less than 24 hours. It was found that asystole is a factor that predisposes to death, increasing the chance of this outcome by 5.13 times, as well as pulseless electrical activity and ventricular tachycardia to a lesser extent. Another important variable is a 0.35 increase in deaths among patients with respiratory diseases. It was concluded that the majority (85.3%) of victims of cardiopulmonary arrest die within the first 24 hours, and this outcome is associated with arrest rhythms characterized by asystole and ventricular fibrillation, as well as respiratory diseases.
References
1. Gonzales MM, Timerman S, Gianotto-Oliveira R, Polastri TF, Dallan LAP, Araújo S, et al. I Diretriz de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e Cuidados Cardiovasculares de Emergência da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2013;101(2):105-113. doi: 10.5935/abc.20130022
2. American Heart Association. Highlights of the 2020 AHA Guidelines Update for CPR and ECC. 2020 [cited 2023 mar 07]. Available from: https://cpr.heart.org/-/media/cpr-files/cpr- guidelines-files/highlights/hghlghts_2020_ecc_guidelines_english.pdf
3. Andersen LW, Holmberg MJ, Berg KM, Donnino MW, Granfeldt A. In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review. JAMA. 2019 Mar 26;321(12):1200-1210. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.1696
4. Stiell IG, Brown SP, Nichol G, Cheskes S, Vaillancourt C, et al. What is the optimal chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation of adult patients? Circulation. 2014;130(22):1962-1970. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008671
5. Ko BS, Lim TH, Oh J, Lee Y, Yun I, Yang MS, et al. The effectiveness of a focused rapid response team on reducing the incidence of cardiac arrest in the general ward. Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Mar;99(10). doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019032
6. Guimarães HP, Olivato GB, Pispico A. Ressuscitação cardíaca pré-hospitalar. Do pré- hospitalar à sala de emergência: minutos que salvam uma vida - suporte básico. Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado São Paulo. 2018 Jul;28(3):302-311. doi: 10.29381/01038559/20182803302- 11
7. Lockey A, Lin Y, Cheng A. Impact of adult advanced cardiac life support course participation on patient outcomes - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2018 Jun;129:48-54. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.05.034
8. Brant LCC, Nascimento BR, Passos VMA, Duncan BB, Bensenõr IJM, Malta DC, et al. Variações e diferenciais da mortalidade por doença cardiovascular no Brasil e em seus estados, em 1990 e 2015: estimativas do Estudo Carga Global de Doença. Rev. bras. Epidemiol. 2017;20:116-128. doi: 10.1590/1980-5497201700050010
9. Oving I, Dongen L, Deurholt SC, Ramdani A, Beesems SG, Tan HL, et al. Comorbidity and survival in the pre-hospital and in-hospital phase after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2020 Jun;153:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.035.
10. Vancini-Campanharo CR, Vancini R L, Lira CA, Andrade MS, Góis AFT, Atallah AN. Cohort study on the factors associated with survival post-cardiac arrest. Sao Paulo Med J. 2015 Nov;133(6):495–501. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2015
11. Rodríguez ZN, Ciria RCR, Favier LB, García LIR, Navarro CRR. Factores prognósticos de supervivência em pacientes com reanimación cardiopulmonar em um servicio de emergências. MEDISAN. 2019 Abr [cited 2023 Mar 07];23(2):246-259. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192019000200246
12. Hoesch RE, Koenig MA, Geocadin RG. Coma after global ischemic brain injury: pathophysiology and emerging therapies. Crit Care Clin. 2008 Jan;24(1):25-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2007.11.003
13. Lima AS, Aragão JMN, Magro MCS. Ritmos cardíacos e desfecho de parada cardiopulmonar em unidade de emergência. Rev. enferm. UFPE on line. 2016;10(5):1579- 1585. doi: 10.5205/reuol.9003-78704-1-SM.1005201602
14. Pulze G, Alves WS, Paiva BC, Lucena RE, Rebustini F. Incidência e fatores associados à parada cardiorrespiratória nas primeiras 24 horas de internação em unidades de terapia intensiva. Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de São Paulo. 2019 Jun;29:192-196. doi: 10.29381/0103-8559/20192902192-6
15. Fehring R. Methods to validate nursing diagnoses. Heart Lung. 1987 [cited 2023 Mar 07]; 16(6):625-629. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40505773_Methods_to_Validate_Nursing_Diagno ses
16. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Resolução nº. 466, de 12 de dezembro de 2013. Diário Oficial da União 13 jun. 2013 [cited 2023 Mar 07]. Available from: http://conselho. saude.gov.br/resolucoes/2012/Reso466.pdf
17. Posser A, Boes AA, Lazzari DD, Busana JÁ, Bresolin P, Souza DM. Reanimação cardiopulmonar: características dos atendimentos realizados por um serviço pré-hospitalar móvel. Rev. enferm. UFPE on line. 2017 Out;11(10):4019-4026. doi: 0.5205/reuol.10712- 95194-3-SM.1110sup201703
18. Paula CFB, Sant’anna MFB, Lucio FD, Pompeo DA, Ribeiro RCHM, Werneck AL. Parada cardiorrespiratória no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Rev. Fam., Ciclos Vida Saúde Contexto Soc. 2021 Jan;9(3):608-618. doi: 10.18554/refacs.v9i3.4575
19. Almeida MRL, Cristoso CMJ, Medina OA. Incidencia del paro cardio-respiratorio en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital J. R. Vidal en el período de enero de 2014 a enero de 2015. Rev. Fac. Med. Univ. Nac. Nordeste. 2017 [cited 2023 Mar 07];37(2):5-13 Available from: https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/rem/article/view/5573/5235.
20. Efendijev I, Nurmi J, Castrén M, Skrifvars M. Incidence and outcome from adult cardiac arrest occurring in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the literature. Resuscitation. 2014 Abr;85(4):472-479. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.12.027
21. Mauricio ECB, Lopes MCBT, Batista REA, Okuno MFP, Campanharo CRV. Resultados da implementação dos cuidados integrados pós-parada cardiorrespiratória em um hospital universitário. Rev. latinoam. enferm. 2018; 26. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.2308.2993
22. Kimblad H, Marklund J, Riva G, Rawshani A, Lauridsen K G, Djarv T. Adult cardiac arrest in the emergency department – A Swedish cohort study. Resuscitation. 2022 Jun;75:105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.03.015
23. Guimarães NS, Carvalho TML, Machado-Pinto J, Lage R, Bernardes RM, Peres ASS, et al. Aumento de Óbitos Domiciliares devido a Parada Cardiorrespiratória em Tempos de Pandemia de COVID-19. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;116(2):266-271. doi: 10.36660/abc.20200547
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Karoline Beatriz Luna Pereira, Fabiana Cristina Pires Bernardinelli, Gustavo Correa de Amorim, Paulo César Condeles, Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker, Suzel Regina Chavaglia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By publishing in Revista Contexto & Saúde, authors agree to the following terms:
The works are licensed under the Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) license, which allows:
Share — to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
Adapt — to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial.
These permissions are irrevocable, provided that the following terms are respected:
Attribution — authors must be properly credited, with a link to the license and indication of any changes made.
No additional restrictions — no legal or technological measures may be applied that restrict the use permitted by the license.
Notes:
The license does not apply to elements in the public domain or covered by legal exceptions.
The license does not grant all rights necessary for specific uses (e.g., image rights, privacy, or moral rights).
The journal is not responsible for opinions expressed in the articles, which are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editor, with the support of the Editorial Board, reserves the right to suggest or request modifications when necessary.
Only original scientific articles presenting research results of interest that have not been published or simultaneously submitted to another journal with the same objective will be accepted.
Mentions of trademarks or specific products are intended solely for identification purposes, without any promotional association by the authors or the journal.
License Agreement (for articles published from September 2025): Authors retain copyright over their article and grant Revista Contexto & Saúde the right of first publication.
