Prevalence and factors associated with chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21527/2176-7114.2024.48.14221Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease. Diabetes mellitus. Associated factors. Prevalence., Associated factors, PrevalenceAbstract
Introduction: The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing worldwide as a result of demographic and epidemiological transition processes, life expectancy, and the lack of control of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with CKD in diabetic patients. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with diabetic patients enrolled in the Family Health Strategy (FHS), in the urban area of Rio Branco, state of Acre, in 2019. CKD was defined by GFR < 60 mL/1.72m², estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, or the presence of albuminuria > 29 mg/g. Measures of association were estimated by logistic regression, with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The prevalence of CKD was 40.0% in diabetic patients. A statistically significant association was found between CKD and treatment time longer than 10 years (1.74; 95%CI: 1.01; 3.02) and DM diagnosis (1.87; 95%CI: 1.05; 3.33) after adjustment. Conclusion: CKD has a high prevalence in diabetic patients, highlighting the need for public health measures for early detection and prevention of its progression.
References
Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Ruiz PLD, Sacre JW, Karuranga S et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jan. 12]. 2022 Jan.;103(2):109118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109118
Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet]. cited 2022 Aug. 21]. 2014 Feb.;[103(2):137-149. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24630390/
Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O'Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, et al. Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One [Internet]. [cited 2022 Aug. 13]. 2016 July 6;11(7):e0158765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158765
de Boer IH, Caramori ML, Chan JCN, Heerspink HJL, Hurst C, Khunti K, et al. Executive summary of the 2020 KDIGO diabetes management in CKD guideline: evidence-based advances in monitoring and treatment. Kidney Int [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sept. 3]. 2020 Oct.;98(4):839-848. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32653403/
GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sept. 19]. 2020 Feb. 29;395:709-733. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32061315/
Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Jha V. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review. Lancet [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sept. 30]. 2015 May 16;385:1.975-1.982. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25777665/
Bailey RA, Wang Y, Zhu V, Rupnow MF. Chronic kidney disease in US adults with type 2 diabetes: an updated national estimate of prevalence based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 1º]. 2014 July 2;7:415. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24990184/
Jitraknatee J, Ruengorn C, Nochaiwong S. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care Practice. Sci Rep [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 1º]. 2020 Apr. 10;10(1):6205. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32277150/
Aguiar LK, Ladeira RM, Machado ÍE, Bernal RTI, Moura L, Malta DC. Fatores associados à doença renal crônica segundo critérios laboratoriais da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 1º]. 2020 Sept. 30;23:e200101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200101
Amaral TLM, Amaral CA, Vasconcellos MTL, Monteiro GTR. Prevalência e fatores associados à doença renal crônica em idosos. Rev Saúde Pública [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 1º]. 2019 Apr. 26;53:44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2019053000727
Levey AS, Becker C, Inker LA. Glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for detection and staging of acute and chronic kidney disease in adults: a systematic review. JAMA [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sept. 3]. 2015 Feb. 24;313(8):837-846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.0602
Alves LF, Abreu TT, Neves NCS, Morais FA, Rosiany IL, Oliveira Júnior WV, Pinto SWL, et al. Prevalência da doença renal crônica em um município do sudeste do Brasil. Braz J Nephrol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 14]. 2017 June 21;39(2):126-134. Available from: https://www.bjnephrology.org/article/prevalencia-da-doenca-renal-cronica-em-um-municipio-do-sudeste-do-brasil
Hoogeveen EK. The Epidemiology of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Kidney Dial [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 14]. 2022 Aug. 1º;2(3):433-442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial2030038
Pinho NA, Silva GV, Pierin AMG. Prevalência e fatores associados à doença renal crônica em pacientes internados em um hospital universitário na cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. J Bras Nefrol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 17]. 2015 Jan. 1º 37;(1):91-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/0101-2800.20150013
Manski-Nankervis JE, Thuraisingam S, Lau P, Blackberry I, Sluggett JK, Ilomaki J, et al. Screening and diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes attending Australian general practice. Aust J Prim Health [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 17]. 2018 July 4;24(3):280-286. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29807557/
Soman S, Areekal B, Varghese R, John S, Gopan RS, Jacob QM, et al. Chronic kidney disease-prevalence and determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending a primary care setting in central Kerala. IJCMPH [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 17]. 2018 June 22;5(7):2776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182453
Rodriguez-Poncelas A, Garre-Olmo J, Franch-Nadal J, Diez-Espino J, Mundet-Tuduri X, Barrot-De la Puente J, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain: PERCEDIME2 study. BMC Nephrol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 20]. 2013 Feb. 22;14:46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-14-46
Lira DGD, Maio R, Burgos MGPA, Lemos MCC, Compagnon MC, Silva RP. Fatores associados à taxa de filtração glomerular em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos em hospital universitário no nordeste do Brasil. Nutr clín diet hosp [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 21]. 2016 Mar. 30;36(2):111-23. Available from: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/en;/ibc-153513
González BS, Pascual MR, Guijarro LR, González AF, Puertolas OC, Latre LMR. Enfermedad renal crónica en Atención Primaria: prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados. Atención Primaria [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 21]. 2015 Apr. 1º;47(4):236-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2014.06.003
Hiraki K, Yasuda T, Hotta C, Izawa KP, Morio Y, Watanabe S et al. Decreased physical function in pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 21]. 2013 Apr. 1º;17(2):225-231. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22911116/
Wilkinson, T. J.; Shur, N. F.; Smith, A. C. "Exercise as medicine" in chronic kidney disease. Scand J Med Sci Sports [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 22]. 2016 Aug. 23;26(8):985-988. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27334146/
Bastos MG, Kirsztajn GM. Doença renal crônica: importância do diagnóstico precoce, encaminhamento imediato e abordagem interdisciplinar estruturada para melhora do desfecho em pacientes ainda não submetidos à diálise. Braz J Nephorol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 23]. 2011 Mar. 1º;33(1):93-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-28002011000100013.
Morton RL, Schlackow I, Staplin N, Gray A, Cass A, Haynes R, et al. Impact of Educational Attainment on Health Outcomes in Moderate to Severe CKD. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 23]. 2016 Jan. 1º;67(1):31-39. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26385817/
Green JA, Cavanaugh KL. Understanding the influence of educational attainment on kidney health and opportunities for improved care. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 25]. 2016 Jan. 16;67(1):31-39. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.07.004
Park S, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kang MW, Kim K, et al. Causal effects of education on chronic kidney disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Kidney J [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 22 [cited 2022 Oct. 25]; 14(8):1.932-1.938. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34345417/.
Gatwood J, Chisholm-Burns M, Davis R, Thomas F, Potukuchi P, Hung A, et al. Evidence of chronic kidney disease in veterans with incident diabetes mellitus. PLoS One [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 25]. 2018 Feb. 9;13(2):e0192712. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425235/
Spoto B, Pisano A, Zoccali C. Insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 26]. 2016 Dec. 1º;311(6): F1087-F1108. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27707707/
Schrauben SJ, Cavanaugh KL, Fagerlin A, Ikizler TA, Ricardo AC, Eneanya ND et al. The Relationship of Disease-Specific Knowledge and Health Literacy With the Uptake of Self-Care Behaviors in CKD. Kidney Int Rep [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 26];2019 Oct. 17;5(1):48-57. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31922060
Amorim RG, Guedes GS, Vasconcelos SML, Santos JCF. Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Linking between Hyperglycemia, Redox Imbalance and Inflammation. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Oct. 26].2019 May 10;112(5):577-587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190077
Levin A, Stevens PE, Bilous RW, Coresh J, Francisco ALM, Jong PE, et al. Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International Supplements [Internet]. [cited 2022 June 14]. 2013 Jan. 1º;3(1):1-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/kisup.2012.73
Alves LF, Abreu TT, Neves NCS, Morais FA, Rosiany IL, Oliveira Júnior WV, Pinto SWL, et al. Prevalência da doença renal crônica em um município do sudeste do Brasil. Braz J Nephrol [Internet]. 2017 jun. 21 [citado 2022 out.14];39(2):126-134. Disponível em: https://www.bjnephrology.org/article/prevalencia-da-doenca-renal-cronica-em-um-municipio-do-sudeste-do-brasil
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Contexto & Saúde
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By publishing in Revista Contexto & Saúde, authors agree to the following terms:
The works are licensed under the Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) license, which allows:
Share — to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
Adapt — to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial.
These permissions are irrevocable, provided that the following terms are respected:
Attribution — authors must be properly credited, with a link to the license and indication of any changes made.
No additional restrictions — no legal or technological measures may be applied that restrict the use permitted by the license.
Notes:
The license does not apply to elements in the public domain or covered by legal exceptions.
The license does not grant all rights necessary for specific uses (e.g., image rights, privacy, or moral rights).
The journal is not responsible for opinions expressed in the articles, which are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editor, with the support of the Editorial Board, reserves the right to suggest or request modifications when necessary.
Only original scientific articles presenting research results of interest that have not been published or simultaneously submitted to another journal with the same objective will be accepted.
Mentions of trademarks or specific products are intended solely for identification purposes, without any promotional association by the authors or the journal.
License Agreement (for articles published from September 2025): Authors retain copyright over their article and grant Revista Contexto & Saúde the right of first publication.
